Science literature summaries

Wolbachia  density is not correlated with  cytoplasmic incompatibility  intensity. Wolbachia  might induce the defect in male host fertility by immunity-related pathways and thus cause an oxidative damage and cell death in male testes.

D. sechellia breeds poorly on laboratory food  in the absence of the fruit of its normal host plant, Morinda citrifolia ( a medicinal plant )

In bacteria, genes are lowercase italics (e.g. cifA ), while proteins are capitalized without italics (e.g., CifA)

Shfr - Location of Shfr , a new gene that rescues hybrid female viability in crosses between Drosophila simulans females and D. melanogaster males

Typically in centromeres and telomerase. Highly repetitive sequence. Have much fewer genes than euchromatin. Can silence gene expression of euchromatin. Heterochromatin increase with age and are more in males. source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274899/

Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was more in axenic flies. Infections were reduced when treated with Lactobacillus Plantarum. quotidian replenishment - need to replenish microbial daily If Lactobacillus is important, then why is it not maintained: Dmel gets rids its gut of most microbes to minimize the risk of acquiring and maintaining potential pathogens. The microbiome may compete with its Drosophila host for nutrients in the gut. Our evidence indicates that Drosophila seeds its food with commensal organisms by depositing fecal matter on its food source on which the bacteria grow. Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3892787/#h2title

 Dmel microbiome is dominated by  Acetic acid bacteria (AABs), mainly genus Acetobacter (Alphaproteobacteria),  Lactic acid bacteria (LABs), mainly the genus Lactobacillus (Firmicutes) (20). And also a strong representation of other taxa, including Gammaproteobacteria (e.g., Stenotrophomonas spp.) and lactobacilli (e.g., Enterococcus spp.) (22, 23). Acetobacter fabarum, Acetobacter pomorum, Acetobacter tropicalis, Lactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus plantarum.

 Mutations in Lhr K18 and Hmr U79 genes enable the survival of hybrids that are otherwise lethal in wild types.

23% of genes are DEGs between Drosophila individuals due to differences in body size, weight, etc.  Hence, a pool of 5 or more replicates would yield better result. source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-90857-5

Different hosts respond differently to the same Wolbachia strain. Notes: There are more than 100k Wolbachia strains Benefits to host also vary - Vitamin C to Cimex lectularius bedbugs; but virus protection to Dmel. source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-90857-5

Axenic males produce only 66% of eggs when mated with CV females compared to CV males crossed with CV females. Also, axenic males mated with axenic females produce only 62% compared to CV couples.  Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-75156-9#:~:text=We%20further%20observed%20that%20the,switch%20of%20the%20female's%20transcriptome.

In Drosophila, Wolbachia enhances learning and memory capacity (LMC) Increase in LMC by Wolbachia by decrease (miRNA) dme-miR-92b and increase crebA source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965174818302947

  source: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01879-19